Hammer



1950 A. A. BERNARD 2,519,016

HAMMER Filed April 5,1947 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 15, 1950 A. A. BERNARD 2,519,016

HAMMER Filed April 3, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 15,1950

PATE f FF HAMMER 7 Arthur Ar'Brnard, Chicago; Ill. Application :April3,1947, Serial NOIZ39 2365h 1 inventionlrelates to hammers: such as are used in iiemovingsla'gv; from-welds and" prepar-v in .nietal fsur faees;fort-welding The hammer .Of thisveinv er -tion ihoweveiz has: other uses asmwill presently appeangq One of ithe-emust fundamental requirements fonyigqpdwelding pnaetiee, is that themetal {parts tome; welded.-i-nust )be clean, andtpartioularly free from rustyand other oxid eicoatingsm 1 Bmgfan; the vgreatest tonnagei'of steeltwhich is;

tor-Gas 3110p rolledi steel: and, 1s the form of, sheets;aplates angles, ehannels bars; etc. Due

to oxidation at gthe time ofehot rqlling, this brand of steel develops aatfilm-orqskinpf oxideaon itssur faoe, at Insomeeoases the filmaofz foxide is of miplz-oscop property to any serious extent. However: in some teases gtheoxide ,coatingrr nay beiasyimuch as br eatedmyzweldi-ng is thatecommonly referred 8 Claims; (Cl. 29- 811 i -thickness: :anda .-is insuch a minute quantities it doesa not seriously. --:interfere with welding oor if absorbed 'by i the weld metal, does not;contaminatei-the weldi or; effect: its physical v i V offaanvi-nch on even 3 1i; an inch thickness;

andwin such: easesstheequality 0f; the; weld is x-seri-.-

ou lycimpairedifithe x eacoatinai t d at the weld seam.

Oftentimespv aiso; metale to H133: fabricatedci is stored in:ithe opemjandzaccumulates -much; rust WhfQh! must; removed :before a: weld is madea weldin heavy,= p1ates'or-'other"metal parts,

it :is'- usually neoessarmytoa make 1 several; welding passes:- over theiseamrtou-buildtup-qthe:weld to the? desii'edzdepth-randrthe-flux materialathat'is ordi- 11311135.;3115561 inrithe weldingx operation: .creates a v slageformation iovemthev-weldewhioh must 'be :re-

movedprioratozmakingia subsequentzwelding pass overgthefsame seam-1a Similarly; afteria :W61di hasrbeen completedythe v slagashould beremoved prior-'tozpa-intingaor other:

finishingionerations In $511.811Qh3'63565g221t hasabeeneustomarytoe, use):

ing:slag fromaarruutsideorneri; :1 l 6 'illustrates $13118. sl'iap'ew-ofu the depression what is known in the trade as chipping hammers;-

ithaga piulmpoint'at' one. end and a chi'sel 'n'the'lfltll'ln end" so; that-.75 byz-striking .zrapid: a:

blowsio :the area? to :be cleaned the io-xide :coatinei ofaslagriisrremoved' bitwby bite Amelderemawspend as much time improperlyn cleaning the parts? tot-be welded as 1 he :does in" I 1' actualliyf-performing the.: '.we1ding operation, :and the rip n'oipalzobj ectz-of: this: invention is tO prO 1 VidQEa InGYEITCYPEFOf hamm'ervthat materially *cutsf' wmthe imei andeeffiont vrequired for properlyv" cleaning heework before andzzafter:weldihgx:.

Qtherfembzi et tsaareeitoepigovidelaa :h'ammer that 2 wil-laevenly, distributenthepforeeaof its-blow over irregularlyshaped surfaces; ,thatiis light weight,

segments:

It should be understoodhthat the hammer fof, this=invention :is notilimitedhtozithe:uses :specifi callymentioned above, but alsohas applioationin.

other fields, as; :for: example by painters in removingwrust-and scale from: metal n=surfaceseprior to painting,: and .oldipaintfifromwssuch-surfaces prior; to repainting; i

These; and: still otherobjectsand :advanta'ge willwbecomer apparent-as {the disclosure proceeds A andithe description is ireadain connectiorr with the:

accompanying; drawings inmvhich Fig. 1 iS;'a,1'5id;8 elevational view sho-wingapreferred embodiment of mytrinvention: with-.a-p0rtionof thez-hammerisegments-broken tozshow the manner in 'whichzthe segments tare loosely; supported by,;the-handle; q A

Fig: '2=is atopitelevational: wiew: of the hammer shown in? Figs 1 v Fig; 3 isZa -viewillustrating; how-the hammer; of this ir-i-ventionzaidsairr removinghfluxi or slag from the: sunfa'cemfo a: =mu1ti-ipass qweld. between two abuttinggplates ;'2

an insidercornernz in th'er-plateiat the end of a -':we1'd bead land r'how the hammerofwthis invention may be effectivelyused toiremovef the slag' from the' :surface: of zthew' '1 bead preparatoryxto continuin'githe weldihg bead; 1

Figs: 'Z is aiito-p vieW offanotherifoi'm ofmy in:-

vention;

Fig sais' ta -side ielevatioiiai view of the iorm of of the ventionashown im Fig:-71?

diamondzpoint "faeeof the muiti plesegment ham merzheadofitheJotm bfihizentibn shown in Figs.

7 ands? V Figsa10 and -11 are "top and *side elevational views ofi anoth modifie form of invention; in

vvthisieaseW'Jith the multiple segments readily ire-s" Fig: 4- willustra'tes' how zthe toolegm-ay ibe used to -1: remove 'slagrzfromethesurface:of a' filletr weld-om been shown in the drawings and will hereafter .1 Certain preferred forms of my invention have be described, but it should be understood that the selection of these embodiments to illustrate the invention is for the purpose of complying with Section 4888 of the Revised Statutes, and should not be construed as limiting the appended claims.

except as may be required by the prior art.

The basic principle underlying my invention resides in theuse of a multiple segment or laminated hammer head, the segments of which are free to move relative to each other within re-" stricted limits. In dealing a hammer blow, it is notthe force that is applied from the hand to the hammer head through the handle that is responsible for the force of the blow, but rather the momentum given to the hammer head by the swinging of the hammer prior to the blow. By using a multiple segment head in which the individual segments are relatively moveable, the face of the hammer that engages the struck part can adapt itself and will adapt itself to the contour' of 'the' part struck and evenly distribute the force of the blow over such part. When it is considered that the conventional hammer head,'being of unitary construction, will ordinarily strike an irregularly shaped object throughout an area much smaller than the face of the head, it is obvious that a hammer of the type herein disclosed will have much greater effectiveness than a solid head hammer, particularly-- whenused for such classes of work as chipping oxide or slag from welded parts, or the removing rust, old paint, etc. from both regularly and irregularl shaped objects.

Referring now to Fig. 1, the hammer comprises for producing a Rockwell C hardness of from 50 to 55. The segments, of course, may be of other suitable hard metal, as, for example, mild carbon steel which is case-hardened after fabrication. It is important to have the striking portions or;cutting edges of each plate relieved .or

beveled slightly with respect to the'adjacentplate so that as the cutting edge becomes peened or upset due to repeated blows, it will not interfere with normal relative movement between the plates.

The head 2| is mounted upon the handle 20 in such a manner that the individual segments 22 have limited relative movement with respect to each other so that the pick points 23 of the individual segments may accommodate themselves to the contour of the part being struck. This is accomplished in the present embodiment of the invention byproviding each segment 22 with an elongated slot 24 adapted to receive a guide plate.

4 25a having ear or pin projections 25 which pass through suitable openings in, and are welded, peened, or otherwise secured to, retaining plates or bearing members 26 and 21 that embrace the segments and hold them in close but not too firm engagement. The plate 25a is preferably 0; 1030 steel and case-hardened so as to minimize wear. The length of the plate 25a is less than the length of the slots 24 in the segments 22, which allows for a lost motion between the hammer segments 22 and the handle 20, this permissible free movement being indicated by the extension of the slot 24 beyond the outer margin of 'the p late 25a as indicated at 28. In this respect the ends of the slots 24 constitute spaced stops, and the ends of the guide plate 25a constitute spaced shoulders which cooperate to provide the desired lost motion action. The lateral dimension of the plate 25a is, of course, slightly less than the lateral dimension of the slot 24 so that the individual head segments'may' move relative to'the plate without binding'action.

vPreferably the total movement of each headsegment relative to the plate 2521 is'o'n theorder of of an inch, but this dimension, may, oi

course, be varied to suit the conditions. a

In fabricating the hammer, the handle 20', which in this caseis shown as a steel rod bent back upon itself and spread apart at 29*t'o'prio i vide a hand grip, is Welded as indic'atedat30 to the lower retaining plate 27. This'i's preferably done after the entire head assembly has" been completely fabricated with theguide plate 251':

welded, "peened, or otherwise; suitably secured to i the retaining plates 2B and 21.

It will be noted that the portion of-the plate accurately fix the spacing of the two retaining plates 2t and 21 and thereby assure proper relafive-spacingbetween the individual head se'g ments.

'It should be understood that the handle may be made in a variety of forms," as, forexample," a

steel tube might be employed with a rubber grip,

or a steel shank used adapted toreceivea wooden handle.

The'hamrner shown in Figs. '7, 8', and-9 differs slightly" from -the onejust described primarily in the shape of the head segments and in the' manner in which thelost motion between the handle and the head is accomplished. In'the"" form of th'e'invention shown in Figs. 7 to 9 inclusive, the individual segments 35- are' arrow shaped and have a pick point 36 at one end and a series of diamond points 31 extending-acrossthe width of the segmentat the other end. Con sidering the segments together, the pointed end l of the head constitutes a compositecutting edge or a chisel face generally designated 38, while the rear face constitutes a multi-diamond pointed, knurled face generally designated"3i- '(see Fig. 9).

individual segment heads to move relative to each other, the limit of movement being determined by the difierence between the'length of the reduced portion 43 of the segments and the length This opportunity I for relative movement is indicated. by the spaces 44 and 45-on both sides ofthe welded'brackets v .4! and 42.. The handlaas before, is welded 'o'r of the brackets themselves.

25a 1 between the ears or pins 25' acts as shoulders' to head as indicated at 46..

-"s 'ietherwiseisecuredto thiretainingibracketsof the v 'r zrstill anotherembodiment" of the invention is rtweseparatpmsmi are used instead of a unitary plate to spa e the retai ing plates 48 and 49.

The pins fii ar iediied irrs'ite to form shoulders -Siltqestablishthe,desiredspacing of the, retainiii'g plates 48 and 49, and are preferably, though not necessarilywelded, peened orotherwise secured to'tliebdttom'plate 48.

mile pins 4! pass through slots inithefsegine'htsi t'hese slots being 'su'flic'iently oversiz'ejf with of the segments relative to the handle.

The handle for the hammer in this instance, has a single shank 52 bent back upon itself to provide a hand grip and having at its upper end a reduced portion 53, which extends through one of the elongated slots 5| in the segments, and has a shoulder,. 54 upon which the bottom retaining plate 48 isjseated and may be secured thereto by Welding, and a second reduced portion indicated at {55, threaded to receive a retaining nut 56 and providing a shoulder 51 for assisting the pins 41 with their shoulder 58 in properly spacing the retaining plates 48 and 49 to provide for the desired relative movement of the head segments.

To remove the head, it is necessary only to loosen the nut 56, whereupon the top retaining plate 49 may be removed and the segments taken from the handle for replacement or refinishing.

The advantages of a hammer having individually moveable head segments as shown in the three forms of the invention above described are apparent by referring to Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive and Fig. 12 When it is necessary to remove slag from a'multi-pass butt weld, as shown in Fig. 3, not only may the chisel point of the hammer reach down into the recess 58 between the adjacent plates, but the individual segments comprising the hammer head may adjust themselves to irregularities in the slag 59 and produce multiple blows with each stroke of the hammer, which effectively removes the slag.

Likewise, in cleaning slag from an inside fillet weld (see Fig. 4), or an outside joint (see Fig. 5),

or the irregular depression at the end of an unfinished weld seam (Fig. 6), the segments accommodate themselves to the varying contours of the slag and each segment, as the blow is struck, performs its part in distributing the effect of the blow over an area commensurate with the dimension of the hammer face. Obviously, the effect of the blow is many times that of a con ventional chip hammer of unitary head construction.

Fig. 12 illustrates the manner in which the hammer may be used effectively in chipping around a rivet, as, for example, when old paint, rust, etc., is to be removed for one purpose or another.

On relatively fiat areas, the broad knurled face 39 is particularly effective and this face may be modified as shown in Fig. 13 to provide a plurality of peening edges 60 for the individual head segments.

When the hammer is used for removing slag ites'fiecttb-the-pins 41 toprovid'the desired travel rr m eeicsy t cage. ha matter a gr'eatf deai i whetherhe: pick points ofthech'isel rate as or the -d-i'amond points of {the-knurled race 39 become 'dull' because the peening action f the fdulledfpoints is advantageous iii causing the metal of the weld-to' how and to 'remdvewelding tresses'. However wheri'it is desirable to sharpen the pick points of the segments, this-may readily be done while the'segrnents are still mounted on the handle by advancingfirstfone and then another-of the segments against grinding stone.

eice fthe hammer sh w Figs; 10 and -1l; the 'segments may readily be removed for repointing or: refacing;

In any caseewher'the o of a hammer blow is to? chip metal or cause "metal to" flow as dis- 'tinguished fromstriking an'objectsucli as a nail "segments will varyto'suit the'particulai" use" for which the hammer is designed; The same is true with respect to the extent ofthe relative movement permitted by the head'segments and the handle.

" In some cases, it may be desirable to provide suitable spacers between the head segments to facilitate their relative movement, but ordinarily the force of the blows struck will operate to keep the interfaces of the segments free of rust or other foreign material that might cause them to bind.

I claim:

. l. A hammer comprising a handle, a laminated head and means mounting said head on said handle, said head including a plurality of elongated plates stacked face to face, one end of each plate having its side edges converging to form a cutting edge, the cutting edges of the stacked plates being in alignment to form a composite cutting edge, the portions of each cutting edge lying next to an adjacent plate being relieved, said mounting means mounting said plates for limited individual lengthwise movement in a direction transversely of said handle with the composite cutting edge in a plane parallel to said handle and including an elongated flat bearing member extending lengthwise of said plates and engaging the exposed flat surface of the plate at the end of the stack, a similar flat bearing member engaging the exposed flat surface of the plate at the other end of the stack, said bearing members being of sufficient width to prevent out-of plane movement of said plates, guiding means extending at right angles to the flat surfaces of the plates providing at least bearing surfaces spaced a substantial distance lengthwise of said plates, each engaging lengthwise bearing sur faces on each of said plates to prevent sidewise movement of said plates, spaced stops on said plates and spaced shoulders on said guiding means cooperating to limit the aforesaid lengthwise sliding movement of said plates, and means securing said bearing members and guiding means to said handle.

2. The hammer as set forth in claim 1 in which the stacked plates are provided with elongated aligned slots through which the guiding means extends to provide the cooperating shoulders and stops for limiting the lengthwise sliding movement of said plates.

3. The hammer as set forth in claim 2 in which the slots are out along the longitudinal center line of said plates.

4. The hammer as set forth in claim 2 in which it gamma the slots are out along the longitudinal center line of said plates and the guiding means consists of an'elongated guide plate, the end walls of which constitute said spaced shoulders.

5. The hammeras set forth in claim 1 in which a single elongated slot is cut through each plate along the center line thereof and the guiding means consists of an elongated flat guide plate mounted within the slots and of smaller longitudinal dimension than the slots, said guide plate having ear portions extending into slots in .v said bearing members for holding said bearing members in proper alignment with respect to the stacked plates, said guide plate also having portions against which the inner faces of said hearing members abut to maintain said bearing members in predetermined spaced relationship thereby to prevent binding of said stacked plates.

6. The hammer as set forth in claim 1 in which a strap encircles the stacked plates and constitutes the guiding-means, and in which 'the spaced stops. on the stacked plates are along the marginal edges of said stacked plates. 7

7. The hammer as set forth in claim 1 in which the guiding means consists of spaced pins each 7 extending through elongated aligned slots in the stacked plates.

8. The hammer as set iorth in claim 1 in which the laminated head is detachably secured to the handle by a nut threaded onto an extension of said handle.

ARTHUR A. BERNARD.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the 

